Page 19 - Electronics Starter Kit_EN

In NPN transistors the base voltage should be higher than the emitter voltage by 0.7V to
turn the transistor ON.

In PNP transistors the base voltage should be lower than the emitter voltage by 0.7V to
turn the transistor ON.

For both of them: IC = IE - IB

Capacitor

A capacitor is an electronic device that stores electric energy. It is similar to a battery, but can be
smaller, lightweight and a capacitor charges or discharges much quicker.

Capacitors are usually made with two metal plates that are on top of each other and near each
other, but that do not actually touch. When powered, they allow energy to be stored inside an
electrical field. Because the plates need a lot of area to store even a small amount of charge,
the plates are usually rolled up into some other shape, such as a cylinder.Capacitors come in
many sizes.All capacitors have two connections, or leads.

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